Amplitude refers to the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium. In the context of wave physics, amplitude is the height of the wave crest or the depth of the trough, relative to the equilibrium position. It is directly related to the energy carried by the wave: higher amplitude means higher energy. For example, in sound waves, amplitude determines the loudness of the sound, while in light waves, it affects the intensity of the light. The concept of amplitude is also crucial in alternating current (AC) circuits, where it describes the peak value of the voltage or current.
